Japanese - Onomatopoeia
What are Onomatopoeic and Mimetic Words?
The Japanese language is filled with sound-based phrases.
There are two categories of these types of words:
• Giongo 擬音語
- (onomatopoeia) are the words which express voice or sounds directly.
- any words that imitate real sounds, be they human or animal voice or otherwise.
Eg:
Sara sara [sound of stream]
Zaa zaa [sound of showering rain]
• Giseigo 擬声語
- one subtype of Giongo that imitate human and animal voices.
Eg:
Kyaa kyaa [female high voice, laughing or shouting]
Wan wan [dog barking]
• Gitaigo 擬態語
- (mimetic words) are the words which express actions, states or human emotions.
- Words that describe visual, tactile, and other non-auditory sensitive impressions.
- Words that phonetically express states that do not produce sounds, such as an emotion, a movement or state of things.
Eg:
Niyaniaya [smiling ironically]
Furafura [state of not being able to walk steadily]
Yuttari [state of being relaxed]
Characteristics:
■ The grammatical function of onomatopoeia is essentially limited to that of adverb, but a mimetic word could function as an adjective, verb etc.,
■ Some words could function both as onomatopoeia and mimetic words, though the meaning changes, normally leaving only a slight association between the two meanings.
■ Possible to use some mimetic words as verbs by attaching the generic verb suru (to do). This creation of verb does not occur with onomatopoeia.
■ There are more than 1,200 onomatopoeic and mimetic expressions in Japanese, which is about three times more than in English
■ They give much more vividness in describing states, emotions, movements, etc.
Caligali's Faves:
• にこにこ - niko niko
nikoniko [to] warau
- smiling, to smile. all smiles, smiling happily
• moto moto
- originally, by nature, from the start
• iro iro
- this and that, variety, variously.
• giri giri
- just barely, just in time, by the skin of one's teeth
girigiri safe
- just in time
---safe comes from baseball
girigiri mieru
- can just barely see it
girigiri de negatta???
- we barely escaped
• ぺらぺら - Pera pera
- Talk fluently, fluent in a language
彼は日本語がぺらぺらです。 - Kare wa nihongo ga pera pera desu.
- He speaks Japanese fluently.
- Talkativeness in a negative sense or to chatter.
博は秘密をぺらぺら話しました。 - Hiroshi wa himitsu o pera pera hanashite shimaimashita.
- Hiroshi was so talkative that he told the secret.
- Thin, flimsy
このシャツはぺらぺらだ。 - Kono shatsu wa pera pera da.
- This shirt is flimsy.
• bero bero
berobero ni narimasu
- hammered, smashed, very drunk
• bura bura
- staggering around
• uro uro
- stumble
• chiba chiba
- doing something little by little, make last as long as possible
• naka naka
nakanaka ii
- quite good ???
• nuku nuku
- warmth and comfort, smugly, cozily
• iku iku
- I'm in
• uzu uzu
- itching to do something
• Iki iki
- full of life, vivid, vividly
• pichi pichi
- the state of being young, fresh, vigorous
• uki uki
- happy, in a boyant mood
• iso iso
- move in full joy or expectation, cheerful, excited
• ぴんぴん - pin pin
ぴんぴんしている - pinpin shite iru
- being lively
• yasu yasu
- done effortlessly, with ease
• Gari gari
- skin and bones
- Man, you're really thin.
• sui sui
- moving gracefully
• mori mori
- full of zest, full of gusto, rises powerfully
• ザーザー - zāzā
- sound of heavy rain.
Amae ga zaza futteimasu
- sound of pouring rain
• potsu potsu
- the state of small drops falling sporadically
• pocha pocha
- splash in water
• poro poro (goro goro/boro boro)
- the sound of small objects (pebbles, raindrops) rolling down.
• ten ten
- like dots
• しんしん - shin shin
- falling snow
---more used in literature than conversationally
----added by Etsuko. Thank you!
• dorodoro
Michi wa dorodoro
- mud. half water, half solid. a muddy substance
• bisho bisho
- sopping wet
• hyuu hyuu
- rushing wind
• atsu atsu
- looks piping hot
- head over heels in love
• uro uro
- wondering about aimlessly, lost sught of goal, loafing around, hanging around
• gami gami
- nagging, griping
• イライラ - ira ira
- angry, frustrated, a state of being irritated, the state of being frustrated
長く待たされたのでイライラしました
• kan kan
- very angry
• pun pun
- very angry
- angry, like saying "boo, hiss",
- also a strong smell ???
• kibi kibi
- descibes attitude, behavior or speech that's prompt, business like, alert
• kura kura
- dizzy spell, feeling giddy
• kechi kechi
- tight fisted, stingy
• shige shige
- scrutinizing, ogle
• jito jito
- sweaty
• beta beta
- sweaty
• neba neba
- sticky
• zuka zuka
- make a bold entrance, rudely enter
• zuta zuta
- deeply broken heart
• sure sure
- being extremely close, on the verge of
• nega nega
- something prolonged, like a speech
• hiso hiso
- whispering
• butsu butsu
- mumbling, whispering
• bura bura
- drifting through life, strolling
• poka poka
- warmth through ones's body
- the state of being nice and warm
• mei mei
- to see through another person's scheme
• mun mun
- crowded atmosphere
• gaya gaya
- crowded
• moji moji
- behaving nervously or bashfully, unable to do what they want, hesitantly
• よぼよぼ - yobo yobo
- weak from old age
よぼよぼになる - yoboyobo ni naru
- become wobbly-legged (from age)
• yoro yoro
- wobbling, unsteady on its feet
• ドキドキ - doki doki
- pounding heart, pit-a-pat
- the sound of a heart beating fast from excitement (at one time Megumi Hayashibara had a radio program called ``Doki Doki Station'')
Nande konnani doki doki shichau n darou.
- Why am I so nervous?
• hara hara
- heart going pit a-pat, nervousness (see doki doki). The sound made when one is swaying, about to faint.
• hiya hiya
- scared half to death
• kowa kowa
- From kowai, scared. An expression of being scared.
• mon mon
- worried for a long time, in anguish
• gaku gaku
- knees shaking in fear
• kuyo kuyo
- worry about, mope, brood
• kyoro kyoro
- looking around restlessly
• mago mago
- confused
• kari kari
- the sound of someone scratching their head in puzzlement
• ota ota
- too suprised or shocked to respond properly
• ワンワン - wan wan
- dogs bark, the sound a dog makes
- the sound of crying loudly
• ケンケン - ken ken
- bow-wow. the sound of a dog barking
• nyaa nyaa ???
• nyao nyao
- cat's meow
- the sound a cat makes
• gero gero
- ribbit. the sound a frog makes (in Card Captor Sakura a pun on gero gero is applied to Kero-chan's name)
• ケロ - kero
- ribbit; chirping of a frog
• piyo piyo
- chirping of small birds
• pii pii pii
- whining, puling???
- also used to describe bird-song
• コケコッコー - kokekokkou
- cock-a-doodle-doo (rooster sound)
• mou mou
- the sound a cow makes
• ひひ - hi hi
- the sound of an animal
• くすくす - kusu kusu
-to giggle, giggling
• げらげら - gera gera
-to laugh loudly, loud laughter, to guffaw
• kera kera
• keta keta
- laughter
• にやにや - niya niya
- grinning, to grin
• にたにた - nita nita
-to smirk, smirking
• あはは、ははは - ahaha, hahaha
-the sound of loud laughter
• ペチャクチャ - Pecha-kucha
- chattering, a chatter of giggling girls.
ペチャクチャしゃべりました
• ro ro
- singing in a loud clear voice
• こっくり こっくり - kokkuri kokkuri
- nod off
• ぐうぐう - guu guu
- fast asleep and snoring
- the sound of snoring;
- also the sound of stomach rumbles
• ぐっすり - gussuri
- sleep soundly
• まんじり - manjiri
- not sleep a wink
• すやすや - suya suya
- sleep peacefully
- sleeping soundly
• とろとろ - toro toro
- doze off
• うとうと - uto uto
- doze off. dozing, napping
• kuta kuta
- worn out, exhausted, tired
• heto heto
- exhausted, pooped out
• ぜえぜえ- zēzē
- sound of breathing which is given when a person is exhausted
• ペコペコ - peko peko
- be awfully hungry, very hungry
朝ご飯を食べなかったので、おなかがペコペコだ。 - Asagohan o tabenakatta node, onaka ga peko peko da.
- Since I didn't have breakfast, I am starving.
- hungry
- bowing servilely ???
• ぐうぐう - guu guu
- stomach rumbles
会議中におなかがぐうぐうなって、恥ずかしかった。 - Kaigichuu ni onaka ga guu guu natte, hazukashikatta.
- I was embarrassed that my stomach rumbled during the meeting.
• goro goro
• boro boro
• poro poro
Lit: a rolling sound
- upset, churning
- turning, rolling
- to laze about
- the sound of an upset stomach,
- the loud rumble of lightning or an avalanche
• ぐずぐず - guzu guzu
- lazily, slowly
ぐずぐずする
- to procrastinate or dawdle
• からから - kara kara
- very dry
のどがからからだったので、ビールがとてもおいしく感じられた。 - Nodo ga kara kara datta node, biiru ga totemo oishiku kanjirareta.
- Since my throat was very dry, beer tasted very good.
• pero pero
- licking (e.g., lollipops). Perhaps the origin of the name of the Miyazawa dog in Kare Kano?
• がつがつ - gatsu gatsu
- hungrily, voraciously
おなかがとてもすいていたので、がつがつ食べた。 - Onaka ga totemo suiteita node, gatsu gatsu tabeta.
- I was so hungry, and I ate voraciously.
- eating greedily, hunger after something, crave
• パクパク - paku paku
- eat in big mouthfuls, take quick bites, take big bites
彼女はおにぎりをおいしそうにパクパク食べた。 - Kanojo wa onigiri o oishisouni paku paku tabeta.
- She took quick, pleasurable bites of rice balls.
• ぺろり - perori
- eat up
彼は大盛りのうどんをぺろりと平らげてしまった。 - Kare wa oomori no udon o perori to tairagete shimatta.
- He has eaten up a large serving of noodles.
• mogu mogu
- the sound of eating (perhaps the source of the name of the character Mogglemoggle in Dokkoidar, or at least the source of one of the ways his superior mis-remembers his name).
• gabu gabu
- guzzling, gulping down
• あっさり - assari
- light, delicate
日本料理は中華料理よりあっさりしている。 - Nihon-ryouri wa chuuka-ryouri yori assari shiteiru.
- Japanese foods are lighter than Chinese foods.
• さっぱり - sappari
- refreshing
そうめんはさっぱりしていて、夏にはもってこいの食べ物だ。 - Soumen wa sappari shite ite, natsu niwa mottekoi no tabemono da.
- Soumen is an ideal food for summer, because of its refreshing taste.
• こってり - kotteri
- rich, heavy food
このシチューはこってりしている。 - Kono shichuu wa kotteri shiteiru.
- This stew is very rich.
• からっと - karatto
- crisp
からっと揚げたてんぷらはとてもおいしい。 - Karatto agatta tenpura wa totemo oishii.
- The crispy tempura is very tasty.
• ピリッと - piritto
- spicy, hot
からしをつけすぎたので、舌にピリッときた。 - Karashi o tuskesugita node, shita ni piritto kita.
- I put on too much mustard, and it burned my tongue.
• たっぷり - tappuri
- full, plenty
朝ご飯をたっぷり食べた。 - Asagohan o tappuri tabeta.
- I had a big breakfast.
• むかむか - muka muka
- feel nauseous
飲みすぎで胸がむかむかした。 - Nomisugi de mune ga muka muka shita.
- I drank too much and felt nauseous.
• うんざり - unzari
- fed up, sick and tired
毎日同じ料理でうんざりだ。 - Mainichi onaji ryouri de unzari da.
- I am sick of the same dish every day.
• muka muka
- feeling sick
• がんがん - gan gan
- pounding headache
Atama ga gangan itamu
Atama ga gangan suru
- My head hurts terribly. I have a terrible headache.
Doa o gangan tataku
- Knock on the door hard
• ずきずき - zuki zuki
- throbbing pain
- a painful condition
• しくしく - shiku shiku
- dull pain
- the sound one makes when crying
• きりきり - kiri kiri
- sharp continuous pain
• ひりひり - hiri hiri
- burning pain, stinging pain, burning mouth
• ちくちく - chiku chiku
- prickly pain
• meso meso
- sobbing, sniffling
• gohhon
- the sound of someone sneezing
• gyaa gyaa
- the sound of a tantrum
• jime jime
- clamminess
• さらさら - sara sara
- rustle, murmur
小川がさらさら流れています。 - Ogawa ga sara sara nagarete imasu.
- The brook is murmuring.
Kami ga sarasara da
- The hair is silky.
Sarasara na kami
- Silky hair
• きらきら - kira kira
- twinkle, glitter, sparkle
ダイヤモンドがきらきら光っています。 - Daiyamondo ga kira kira hikatte imasu.
- The diamond is glittering.
• ゆらゆら - yura yura
- waver, shake quietly
ろうそくの火がゆらゆらしています。 - Rousoku no hi ga yura yura shite imasu.
- The candle light is wavering.
• ピカピカ - pika pika
- shine brightly, glitter a polished object, glitter, twinkle (spic and span)
新しい硬貨がぴかぴか光っています。 - Atarashii kouka ga pika pika hikatte imasu.
- The new coins are glittering.
• ぎらぎら - giragira
- dazzling
ぎらぎら(と)光る - giragira (to) hikaru
- shine dazzlingly
• chika chika
- flickering light (see pika pika) eyes tired from too much computer or TV
• bera bera
- chatting, rattling
• クドクド - kudo-kudo
- a lengthy explanation.
クドクドと説明しました
• bari bari
- the sound of tearing (e.g., paper), also used to describe being very busy.
• ton ton (pon pon)
- the sound of someone knocking on the door
• pon pon
- the sound of drumming. The Takahata film ``Pon Poko'' is named after the sound of tanuki drumming on their round stomaches.
• pan pan
- pounding (see pon pon); also, a full stomach
• fusa fusa
- a full and attractive head of hair
• basa basa
- unkempt hair
• teka teka
- greasy hair
• gito gito
- being oily
• bashi bashi
- the sound of smacking someone on the head
• bichi bichi
- flopping, smacking
• boro boro
- the sound of a large object (like a barrel) rolling; also ragtag, or worn out
• dosun
- the sound of something falling with a thud
• dosun dosun
- the sound of stomping
• mishi mishi
- the sound of creaking
• gari gari
- the sound of grinding or scraping
• kacha kacha
• kata kata
- the sound of small things clattering
• pachi pachi
- clapping hands
- indicates sound of hitting or slapping something lightly
pachit (to)
- the sound of slapping someone lightly.
pachiri
- click! a sound of taking a photograph
• チン - chin
- from the ding a microwave makes on finishing cooking.
• boki boki
- cracking a twig or one's knuckles
• mera mera
- the sound/state of a fire blazing up
• bo bo
- the sound of a fire burning
• boko boko
- the sound of hitting something (someone) hard.
• busu busu
- the sound of stabbing
• bishi
- the sound of coming to attention, coming together, or getting into the proper order
• raku raku
- easily
• tama tama
- unexpectedly
• chaku chaku
- steadily
• fuwa fuwa
- fluffy
• tsuru tsuru
- slippery, smoth
• tsuya tsuya
- glossy
• choko choko
- always moving around, toddling
• meki meki
- growing rapidly, conspicuously
• iyo iyo
- more and more (at last)
• don don
- building up of events, progression of events, little by little
• masu masu
- more or less, increasing
• ban ban
- plenty
• meki meki
- the state of making rapid progress
• gocha gocha
- the state of disorder common to apartments nagging
• nera nera
- disorganized, lacks unity
• バラバラ - bara-bara
- scattered, a scattered state,
バラバラにこわれました
• しいんと - shiin
しいんとする - shiin to suru
- be quiet
• チョン - chon
- a soft contact, just a touch
• boin boin
- a well-endowed woman
• deko bako
- bumpy
• gara gara
- almost empty
• gasa gasa
- dry, rough skin the sound of leaves or papers rustling
• gata gata
- trembling with cold (humans) vibrations
• goshi goshi
- the sound of washing clothes vigorously by hand
• gucha gucha
- soft and wet, an awful mess
• guru guru
- going around and around in circles
• hou bou
- here and there (everywhere)
• jiku jiku
- oozing
• mori mori
- doing something willlingly
• mecha mecha
- messed up, illogical, unreasonable
• muka muka
- a sound someone makes when they are disgusted
• saga saga
- the state of being sarcastic
• piku piku
- twitching
• wai wai
- noisy exhuberance
• じろじろ - jiro jiro
- to stare
じろじろと)[見る
- to look intently
• riin
- the sound/state of someone staring
• miin miin
- cicada
• noronoro aruku
- to dawdle,
• yotayota aruku
- to waddle
• tobotobo aruku
- to trudge
• yochiyochi aruku
- to toddle
- expressing different ways to walk
• bachabacha
• bochabocha
- both water-splashing sounds but bochabocha indicates that the water is deeper than bachabacha.
スースーする - susu suru
- a cool soothing feeling, like from applying a medication cream.
